bhk l carnitine side effects The Effect of L-Carnitine on Critical Illnesses Such as Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), and Hyperammonemia (HA) The effect of l-carnitine supplementation

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Abbreviations 3HK: 3-Hydroxykynurenine 5-HT: 5-Hydroxytryptamine AD: Alzheimers disease AA: Anthranilic acid AhR: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor BBB: Blood brain barrier CFS: Chronic fatigue syndrome CoQ10: Coenzyme Q10 EBV: EpsteinBarr virus FM: Fibromyalgia GI: Gastrointestinal HLA: Human leukocyte antigen IgM: Immunoglobulin M IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase IFN-: Interferon gamma IL: Interleukin IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome KYNA: Kynurenic acid KP: Kynurenine pathway LAT-1: Large neutral amino acid transporter-1 LC/MS: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry ME: Myalgic encephalomyelitis NAM: National academy of medicine NK Cells: Natural killers cells NAD + : Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NMDA: N -Methyl-d-aspartate PEM: Post-exertional malaise QA: Quinolinic acid SNP: Single polymorphism SEID: Systemic exertion intolerance disorder Th: T helper CCC: The Canadian consensus criteria TRP: Tryptophan TNF-: Tumour necrosis factor alpha MS: Mass spectrometry NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance mTORC1: Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell TCA: Tricarboxylic acid References Close S et al (2020) The economic impacts of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in an Australian cohort