demonstrating glutathione production in neurons and astrocytes experiment Frontiers The Dual Role of Astrocytes

However, it is critical to obtain blood samples for these measurements as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms since elevations are transient

*Correspondence: Xueling Ye, [email protected] This article was submitted to Plant Genomics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Genetics Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers

doi: 10.1128/iai.60.4.1633-1641.1992 34 WillbyMJKrauseDC

Antioxidants protect cells by neutralizing free radicals by donating electrons to stabilize free radicals without becoming reactive themselves, effectively halting the chain reactions that lead to oxidative damage [15]

At the cellular level, mitochondria are the major site where the largest amount of ROS is generated through the electron transport chain, formed mainly by four protein complexes