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A chronic, autoimmune condition, vitiligo is caused by a combination of factors, all of which inadvertently cause the destruction of the melanocytes, causing the development of white patches on the skin

Furthermore, the bovine herpesvirus 4 vector that expresses the full-length murine xCT protein could induce T-lymphocyte activation and generation of anti-xCT antibodies in mice, through the production of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity

Negrini S, Emmi G, Greco M, Borro M, Sardanelli F, Murdaca G, et al

IGF-1 LR3 remains largely unbound and biologically active in circulation

While classical gene mutations are region-limited, epimutations often occur early in cancer development and have a genome-wide impact, boosting on the one hand the expression of cell survival genes or proto-oncogenes and deactivating on the other hand tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), DNA repair mechanisms as well as cell division brakes, thus leading to carcinogenesis (Schnekenburger and Diederich, 2012