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Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial injury may further aggravate OCTN2 dysfunction

The anticonvulsant valproic acid (Depakene) interferes with L-carnitine biosynthesis in the liver and forms with L-carnitine a valproylcarnitine ester that is excreted in the urine

doi: 10.1208/ps050325

16 In contrast, the expression of the liver isoform (CPT Ia or L-CPT I), which is abundantly expressed in the fetal heart, has been shown to increase in the hypertrophied heart

This suggests that the overactive immune response eventually becomes exhausted or overcome by counter-regulatory mechanisms
