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University of Oxford

Glutamate is then converted to -ketoglutarate (-KG) by mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD) (Altman et al., 2016

Figure 4 shows the main cellular sources of ROS

155 A randomized controlled trial conducted in China, where folic acid fortification of foods is voluntary, included 100 healthy adult participants with high homocysteine levels

It is within this pathological context that the transfer of healthy mitochondria from astrocytes emerges not merely as a supportive phenomenon but as a crucial compensatory strategy, highlighting a fundamental shift from cell-autonomous survival to intercellular metabolic cooperation in the ischemic brain